HORTRAME SYSTEMS

UNALIGNED - EVOLVING ACTIVELY AS OF EDT (UTC−04:00)

RETA naming revision, September 10, 2026. Report 2 clarifies prose; original equations, engine and data are retained.

Technical report · working draft

RETA - Model Specification v1.0.0

Guillaume Bolduc · Independant researcher · HORTRAME Systems
2026-09-10 · Report 2

Abstract

Specification of a deterministic synthetic research model with proposed outputs, audits, gates and postmortems in a causal graph. Evaluation uses five tensions, six uncertainty categories, finite audit budgets and prospective lens versions. Browser playback reuses a 180-event trace. Practical usefulness, empirical safety and alignment are unestablished.

Unaligned research prototype. Browser playback reuses a supplied trace without new experiments.

Download PDF · 505 KiBExplore the animated modelModel and Python source · ZIP

Report 2 records code inspection and same-implementation synthetic checks. Equations, engine and data are unchanged. AI-assisted editing supplies no independent replication, peer review or evidence of real-world alignment. Original report and corrections remain available.

Specification contents
  1. Scope
  2. Information-processing systems
  3. Runtime state and recursive evolution
  4. Relation graph
  5. Events and causal history
  6. Horizon-sensitive trajectory projection
  7. Uncertainty vector
  8. Five-Vow tension vector
  9. Recursive audit architecture
  10. Action policy after a gate
  11. Constitutional evolution
  12. Audit packet instead of hidden-rationale claims
  13. Determinism
  14. Required invariants
  15. Non-claims

Editorial clarification · report 2

The report now distinguishes synthetic scores, modeled roles and finite software checks from empirical validation and enforceable guarantees.

Correction history · Software-check evidence · Clarified analysis · Original report 1 · Original specification

Report 2: editorial clarification of the existing implementation, September 10, 2026. Equations, Python engine and recorded scientific data are unchanged. Original specification and report 1 remain available as historical sources.

1. Scope

Specification of simulation/ips_recursive_sim.py, a synthetic uncalibrated research model. No empirical alignment measure or proof of AI safety is established.

Four principal objects are distinguished:

  1. an IPS: a declared information-processing-system boundary;
  2. an event: a proposed or enacted causal output record whose delivery lifecycle is explicit;
  3. a trajectory: a partially ordered set of causally related events;
  4. a lens epoch: the versioned constitutional parameters used to audit events.

The atomic audit object is an event. The system-level object of concern is the trajectory generated by recursively transforming events into new state and later events.

2. Information-processing systems

For IPS i, the conceptual form remains:

IPSi=(Bi,Xi,Ui,Yi,Φi)

where B_i is the declared boundary, X_i state, U_i inputs, Y_i outputs, and Φ_i the transformation. In the executable, a Node contains:

The model uses 100 synthetic nodes across six macro domains. Overlapping memberships represent alternative analytical boundaries.

3. Runtime state and recursive evolution

Each node has continuous runtime state:

Xi=(oi,ai,si,ui,di,ℓi,ϵi,gi,ni,Θi)

corresponding approximately to openness, agency, stability, uncertainty, adaptability, input load, prediction-error memory, recent learning gain, recurrent-without-model-learning diagnostic, and a learned channel-response model.

3.1 Learned response transform

For each channel c, a node stores Beta counts:

Θi,c=Beta(αi,c,βi,c)

with prior Beta(1,1). The current response estimate is:

p^i,c=αi,cαi,c+βi,c.

The simulator stores a hidden base propensity p^*_{i,c}. The realized Bernoulli probability is state-conditioned:

pi,ceff=clip(pi,c*(0.72+0.28di),0,1),

Adaptability changes can alter effective response probability before posterior updates. External error scoring uses the same effective probability. Reviewed audit/projection methods omit latent-value reads; the values remain accessible within the Python process.

When a delivered event produces an observed response z∈{0,1}:

α′=α+z,β′=β+(1−z).

Recursive feedback updates recipient state and subsequent transformations. Response-model learning is optional; learning_enabled=False freezes posterior parameters while ordinary state updates continue.

Posterior variance supplies a synthetic model-uncertainty signal. Latent true_response values support outcome generation and external error scoring, and are omitted from ordinary runtime exports and reviewed auditor calculations.

3.2 State update

Delivery updates depend on channel, intensity and realized response. The numerical rule is deterministic conditional on the observation. Coefficients are stipulated rather than fitted.

Each delivery appends an event ID to six-entry input history and records selected before/after values. validate_invariants() checks the recorded state_evolved flag without independently recomputing historical integrity. Finite probes do not prove state change for every input.

3.3 Complex-systems constraint from the Cohen corpus

The Cohen literature review motivated methodological design choices. Biological findings do not validate the synthetic governance model.

The engine lacks calibrated autonomous recovery and empirical attractors. The perturbation probe measures immediate multivariate synthetic responses, not biological resilience or critical slowing.

4. Relation graph

Each directed edge records:

eij=(i,j,c,w,δ,f)

Edge fields describe channel, strength, delay and reciprocal relation. Channels are info, authority, resource, physical and ecology. A resource label alone does not define a signed material balance.

The graph is synthetic and deterministic given the fixed PCG32 seed.

The event cap limits creation, not previously scheduled delivery. Supported output and lens APIs check capacity before creating the associated governance transaction. The check does not provide crash-atomic rollback. The baseline reaches 180 events and drains scheduled deliveries without demonstrating convergence.

5. Events and causal history

An event has:

Ek=(id,roots,kind,source,causes,channel,intensity,recipientsrequested,recipientsscheduled,recipientsrealized,enactment,evidence,B,confidence,VC,lens,gate,metadata).

Supported event creation accepts multiple earlier causes, permitting acyclic joins.

5.1 Partial order

Sparse vector clocks encode the causal partial order. For clocks A and B:

A≺B⟺(∀j Aj≤Bj)∧(∃j Aj<Bj).

The invariant check requires earlier cause IDs and happens-before order for extant referenced events. Missing earlier causes are not independently rejected by the clock check. Explicit ancestry is not a complete account of real causal influence.

Concurrency is therefore representable: two events can be incomparable while both later become causes of the same child.

6. Horizon-sensitive trajectory projection

Projection uses the fixed event and current network state over a finite hop horizon. An unchanged event record does not freeze the network. Continuation weights depend on:

A branch with weight below 0.01 is pruned. The function is deterministic and consumes no random draws, so counterfactual audits do not perturb simulation RNG state.

Projection returns a weighted reach score, domain coverage, synthetic risk/uncertainty components and maximum depth. Repeated visits can count at multiple depths. Reach is not an expected count of distinct nodes; risk labels are not calibrated probabilities. Pruning can make different horizons produce the same score.

7. Uncertainty vector

Uncertainty is not reduced to one halo value. The executable produces:

U=(Uf,Uc,Ub,Um,Un,Uh)

for factual, causal, boundary, model, normative, and horizon uncertainty.

Factual, causal, boundary, model, normative and horizon uncertainty remain separate categories.

Synthetic uncertainty formulas include nonnegative depth/horizon/domain terms and clamping. Empirical calibration and strict monotonic growth are unestablished.

8. Five-Vow tension vector

The constitutional lens maps event/projection/uncertainty state to five tensions:

τ(E)=(τP,τM,τC,τI,τE)

for Purpose, Method, Conduct, Integrity, and Evolution.

Tensions are bounded synthetic diagnostics, not measured moral quantities. Sensitivities can be changed prospectively.

8.1 Non-compensatory gate

The decision gate is deliberately not an average:

G(E)={UNRESOLVED,maxU≥θUREJECT,maxτ≥θRMODIFY,maxτ≥θMPASS,otherwise.

Severe tension cannot be compensated by low values on other dimensions. The gate checks uncertainty first. diagnostic_trace = 1−max(τ) is a visualization scalar, not an authorization criterion.

9. Recursive audit architecture

The auditor is not outside the graph. Governance roles are ordinary nodes:

For a target event E, audit depth 3 materializes:

E→A1(E)→audit-event→A2(E,audit-event)→meta-audit-event→gate-event→postmortem-event.

Reassessment uses the same evaluator and network state without optional primary bias. Auditor identity is recorded but supplies no independent model or institutional authority. Divergence above 0.18 sets a 0.75 meta-audit uncertainty floor. Normal execution retains earlier packets; Python packet objects remain mutable. Disagreement signals a discrepancy, not a proven moral violation.

The final target gate conservatively combines primary, independent, and meta-audit outcomes. No favorable review can cancel a blocking review.

A declared budget bounds recursive audit depth.

9.1 Audit events have causal effects

Audit, meta-audit, gate and postmortem deliveries invoke the ordinary state-update handler. Response learning requires learning_enabled=True. Synchronous governance precedes queued effects; delivery to an auditor node does not establish improvement in the scoring algorithm.

9.2 Prospective postmortem

At depth three, a postmortem evaluates the gate prospectively and supplies later input to actors and auditors. Earlier gate decisions remain retained by the normal workflow.

recursive_self_validation.py links each postmortem as a declared cause of the next actor output.

10. Action policy after a gate

The model uses a deliberately simple intervention policy:

The policy constants are stipulated demonstration parameters.

11. Constitutional evolution

Recursive runtime learning and constitutional evolution are separated.

Lens is a frozen dataclass under the supported configuration. Normal updates create a new version and retain earlier packets. Python-level versioning is not an adversarial immutability guarantee.

proposal→independent candidate review→modeled human approval/rejection→V(k+1).

A lens candidate requires structural PASS and simulated approval. MODIFY requires revision; UNRESOLVED and REJECT do not commit. Operating limits constrain the software configuration, not universal ethics.

Lens epochs after version one reference approval events. Packets retain version and horizon; epoch records retain sensitivities and thresholds. Approval is a simulated input, not actual human review.

Prospective versioning retains historical context in the supported workflow, without an enforced append-only store.

12. Audit packet instead of hidden-rationale claims

The reproducible audit object contains:

The model does not require or expose private chain-of-thought as evidence. Research traceability is supplied by inspectable inputs, formulas, state, causal ancestry, versioned configuration, and outputs.

13. Determinism

The canonical replay uses PCG32. Identical source, seed and Python semantics produced identical canonical payloads in repeated same-environment runs.

Synthetic replay determinism does not imply real-system determinism.

14. Required invariants

Intended requirements are partly checked by runtime validation and partly by finite component tests:

15. Non-claims

v1.0.0 does not establish:

The checks do not establish real-world alignment, ethical calibration, general convergence, unrestricted robustness or expert validation. Original sources remain available.

Direct references

References from the v1.0 source register, with documented corrections. No independent rereading of the full bibliography is asserted. All references

  1. Leslie Lamport. 'Time, Clocks, and the Ordering of Events in a Distributed System.' Communications of the ACM 21(7), 558-565, 1978. https://doi.org/10.1145/359545.359563
  2. Colin J. Fidge. 'Timestamps in Message-Passing Systems That Preserve the Partial Ordering.' 11th Australian Computer Science Conference, pp. 56-66, 1988. Online copy currently unavailable; citation preserved.
  3. Friedemann Mattern. 'Virtual Time and Global States of Distributed Systems.' Proc. Workshop on Parallel and Distributed Algorithms, pp. 215-226, 1989. https://www.vs.inf.ethz.ch/publ/papers/VirtTimeGlobStates.pdf
  4. Rafal Goebel, Ricardo G. Sanfelice, and Andrew R. Teel. Hybrid Dynamical Systems: Modeling, Stability, and Robustness. Princeton University Press, 2012. ISBN 978-0-691-15389-6. https://assets.press.princeton.edu/catalogs/math12.pdf#page=20
  5. Mikko Kivela et al. 'Multilayer networks.' Journal of Complex Networks 2(3), 203-271, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1093/comnet/cnu016
  6. Micah Carroll et al. 'AI Alignment with Changing and Influenceable Reward Functions.' ICML 2024. https://proceedings.mlr.press/v235/carroll24a.html
  7. Moshe Glickman and Tali Sharot. 'How human-AI feedback loops alter human perceptual, emotional and social judgements.' Nature Human Behaviour 9, 345-359, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-024-02077-2
  8. Ryan Greenblatt et al. 'AI Control: Improving Safety Despite Intentional Subversion.' ICML 2024. https://proceedings.mlr.press/v235/greenblatt24a.html
  9. Trenton Bricken et al. 'Building and evaluating alignment auditing agents.' Anthropic Alignment Science, 2025. https://alignment.anthropic.com/2025/automated-auditing/
  10. OpenAI. 'How we monitor internal coding agents for misalignment.' March 19, 2026. https://openai.com/index/how-we-monitor-internal-coding-agents-misalignment/
  11. Judy Hanwen Shen et al. 'AI Organizations are More Effective but Less Aligned than Individual Agents.' arXiv:2604.10290, 2026. https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.10290
  12. Tina Comes. 'Sensemaking AI: Introducing a research and design agenda for human-AI networks.' EPJ Data Science 15, 42, 2026. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjds/s13688-026-00634-5
  13. Florian Carichon et al. 'The Coming Crisis of Multi-Agent Misalignment: AI Alignment Must Be a Dynamic and Social Process.' arXiv:2506.01080, 2025. https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.01080
  14. Federico Pierucci et al. 'Institutional AI: A Governance Framework for Distributional AGI Safety.' arXiv:2601.10599, 2026. https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.10599
  15. Yoshua Bengio et al. International AI Safety Report 2026. February 2026. https://internationalaisafetyreport.org/publication/international-ai-safety-report-2026
  16. Cohen AA, Martin LB, Wingfield JC, McWilliams SR, Dunne JA. 'Physiological regulatory networks: ecological roles and evolutionary constraints.' Trends in Ecology & Evolution 27 (2012): 428-435. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2012.04.008
  17. Cohen AA et al. 'A novel statistical approach shows evidence for multi-system physiological dysregulation during aging.' Mechanisms of Ageing and Development 134 (2013): 110-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mad.2013.01.004
  18. Cohen AA et al. 'Cross-population validation of statistical distance as a measure of physiological dysregulation during aging.' Experimental Gerontology 57 (2014): 203-210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2014.04.016
  19. Li Q et al. 'Homeostatic dysregulation proceeds in parallel in multiple physiological systems.' Aging Cell 14 (2015): 1103-1112. https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.12402
  20. Cohen AA. 'Complex systems dynamics in aging: new evidence, continuing questions.' Biogerontology 17 (2016): 205-220. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10522-015-9584-x
  21. Cohen AA, Isaksson C, Salguero-Gómez R. 'Co-existence of multiple trade-off currencies shapes evolutionary outcomes.' PLoS ONE 12 (2017): e0189124. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0189124
  22. Cohen AA. 'Aging across the tree of life: The importance of a comparative perspective for the use of animal models in aging.' BBA Molecular Basis of Disease 1864 (2018): 2680-2689. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.05.028
  23. Cohen AA et al. 'Are trade-offs really the key drivers of ageing and life span?' Functional Ecology 34 (2020): 153-166. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.13444
  24. Cohen AA, Legault V, Fülöp T. 'What if there’s no such thing as aging?' Mechanisms of Ageing and Development 192 (2020): 111344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mad.2020.111344
  25. Cohen AA, Leblanc S, Roucou X. 'Robust Physiological Metrics From Sparsely Sampled Networks.' Frontiers in Physiology 12 (2021): 624097. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.624097
  26. Wensink MJ, Cohen AA. 'The Danaid Theory of Aging.' Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology 9 (2022): 671208. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.671208
  27. Cohen AA, Ferrucci L, Fülöp T, et al. 'A complex systems approach to aging biology.' Nature Aging 2 (2022): 580-591. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43587-022-00252-6
  28. Cohen AA, Leung DL, Legault V, et al. 'Synchrony of biomarker variability indicates a critical transition: Application to mortality prediction in hemodialysis.' iScience 25 (2022): 104385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2022.104385
  29. Cohen AA, Picard M, Beard JR, et al. 'Intrinsic health as a foundation for a science of health.' Science Advances 11 (2025): eadu8437. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adu8437
  30. Franck M, Tanner KT, Tennyson RL, et al. 'Nonuniversality of inflammaging across human populations.' Nature Aging 5 (2025): 1471-1480. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43587-025-00888-0
  31. Cummings SR, Hong N, Cohen AA. 'Entropy and Human Aging.' Aging Cell 24 (2025): e70292. https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.70292
  32. Devine J, Monzel AS, Shire D, et al. 'Brain-body mitochondrial distribution patterns lack coherence and point to tissue-specific regulatory mechanisms.' Life Metabolism 4 (2025): loaf012. https://doi.org/10.1093/lifemeta/loaf012
  33. Aronoff JE, Franck M, Cohen AA, Trumble BC. 'Evidence for an energy conservation model of inflammaging and immunosenescence in the US Health and Retirement Study and UK Biobank.' Journals of Gerontology: Series A 81 (2026): glag119. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glag119

Bibliographic corrections

Bibliographic corrections: AI Organizations title updated; duplicate listings merged; Hybrid Dynamical Systems linked to a verified publisher record because the supplied DOI was unverified. Historical ZIPs retain original citations.

Correction record and previous entries

Source and citation

Download BibTeX citation

Bolduc, Guillaume (2026). RETA - Model Specification v1.0.0. HORTRAME Systems. Technical report, working draft. RETA-v1.0.0-report-2. https://www.hortrame.com/alignment/paper/

Clarified specification (Markdown)

Source specification SHA-256

d75c6889b3d7668166ee64912669ac944f20bbc84d0760503eb4db3dc16bff54

PDF SHA-256

cbf38df228ea47e941faaeb5854978fbd1dca4e28420d9779f5312945f49c77b

SHA-256 identifies bytes, not scientific validity.

Research correspondence:

RETA

Recursive Event–Trajectory Alignment

RETA denotes Recursive Event–Trajectory Alignment: a proposed representation of events, downstream effects and evaluator interventions.

Read on a separate page · Markdown

Conceptual description with implemented and proposed mechanisms distinguished. Presentation v1.1 replays recorded data. The framework remains unaligned, uncalibrated and independently unvalidated.

[WORK IN PROGRESS - UNALIGNED]

Research description

RETA proposes a causal representation of interacting human, artificial, institutional, technical and ecological information-processing systems. Actions can alter the conditions of subsequent actions.

Working hypothesis: isolated-output evaluation may omit relevant downstream effects. Comparative detection performance remains unestablished.

The framework therefore distinguishes two levels of analysis:

  1. event alignment — evaluation of a realized causal event under a declared boundary, state, uncertainty profile, consequence horizon, and normative framework;
  2. trajectory alignment — evaluation of the evolving causal structure generated as events modify systems, which then produce further events.

The distinction can be expressed as

A(ek)=PASS

does not imply

𝒜(𝒯k)=PASS,

where ek is a realized event and 𝒯k denotes the causally connected trajectory containing the event and descendants.

A locally acceptable event can contribute to a harmful trajectory. A costly intervention can reduce later failure. Event classifications therefore do not determine descendant classifications.


1. Information-processing systems

RETA represents interacting entities as bounded information-processing systems (IPSs). A system may be written abstractly as

Si=(Bi,Xi,Ui,Yi,Φi),

where:

  • Bi is the declared analytical boundary of the system;
  • Xi is the state;
  • Ui represents incoming information, signals, resources, or other relevant inputs;
  • Yi represents outputs;
  • Φi is the transformation by which prior state and inputs contribute to subsequent state and output.

The IPS abstraction describes inputs, state changes and outputs without assuming equivalent internal organization across humans, language models and institutions.

The choice of boundary is explicit because different decompositions can produce different causal and normative interpretations. A company, for example, may be represented as a single IPS for one analysis and decomposed into individuals, software, financial processes, and governance mechanisms for another.

Every representation uses a declared modeling resolution.


2. Realized events as the atomic unit of analysis

An output changing another system or the surrounding environment is represented as a realized causal event.

In a minimal form,

Xi(t),Ui(t)→Φiek,

followed by

ek→Xj(t+1).

The changed state of Sj may then contribute to a later event:

ek→Xj(t+1)→ek+1.

The basic recursive structure is therefore

et→Xt+1→et+1→Xt+2→⋯.

Proposals, predictions, counterfactuals and observations require separate records. Predicted consequences must not enter realized history as observations.

A realized event should therefore carry provenance sufficient to distinguish at least:

  • what was observed;
  • what was inferred;
  • what was predicted;
  • what remained latent or unknown;
  • what was later reconstructed or reinterpreted.

Learning and retrospective review require retained provenance.


3. Causal history is a graph, not a sequence

Causal history permits multiple antecedents and concurrent branches.

Events and declared causal relations form the following graph:

G=(E,C),

where E is the set of realized events and C contains causal relations

ei→ej.

A later event can have multiple antecedents:

{e2,e7,e11}→e15.

Multiple-parent graphs represent converging causes in multi-agent and institutional models.

Causal order and timestamp order are distinct. Timestamps alone do not establish a causal relationship.

Concurrency, delays and incomplete attribution require explicit ordering assumptions.


4. Event alignment is conditional

RETA does not assign an event an unconditional alignment label.

An evaluation is performed relative to a declared context:

Ae=A(ek∣Bk,Xk,Hk,Uk,V(r)),

where:

  • Bk is the analytical boundary used for the evaluation;
  • Xk is the relevant state representation;
  • Hk is the causal consequence horizon;
  • Uk is the uncertainty state;
  • V(r) is the normative framework and the framework version.

The same realized event may therefore receive different evaluations under different boundaries or horizons without logical contradiction.

For example,

A(ek∣H=1)=PASS

may coexist with

A(ek∣H=5)=MODIFY.

Near- and long-horizon evaluations answer different causal questions.

Boundary selection can include local benefits while excluding external costs. Evaluation records must identify the chosen boundary.


5. Local event alignment and trajectory alignment

The distinction between event and trajectory evaluation is central to RETA.

For a single event,

Ae(ek)

asks whether the realized event satisfies the applicable constraints under the declared context.

Trajectory evaluation instead considers a causally connected subgraph:

𝒜(Gk:H),

where Gk:H contains the descendants of ek reachable within the chosen causal horizon.

Trajectory representation permits explicit investigation of downstream failure.

Examples include:

  • an individually acceptable recommendation that changes incentives and contributes to a later institutional failure;
  • a sequence of locally defensible decisions whose cumulative effect moves a system toward an undesirable attractor;
  • several independently acceptable agents whose interaction generates an unacceptable collective outcome;
  • an intervention that resolves an immediate problem while degrading the future information environment;
  • repeated evaluator interventions that alter the behavior being measured;
  • a temporary perturbation whose causal effects persist after the visible configuration of the system has been restored.

Causal ancestry does not assign complete responsibility to the earliest event. Attribution requires assumptions about contribution, mediation and uncertainty.


6. History dependence

In a recursive system, apparent restoration of configuration does not imply restoration of causal state.

A perturbation may enter the system, alter interactions, and later disappear while leaving the resulting trajectory changed. RETA therefore treats history as part of the state required for alignment analysis.

Conceptually,

same apparent configuration⇏same causal state.

History dependence is relevant to temporary membership, model replacement, communication loss, institutional turnover, learning and memory.

A visible configuration may omit historical state affecting subsequent behavior. Current arrangement alone need not determine the modeled trajectory.


7. Recursive evaluator closure

Evaluator interventions are included in the proposed causal representation.

Evaluation produces information. Information can change beliefs, permissions, incentives, reputation, resource allocation, expectations, or subsequent behavior. An evaluation is therefore itself capable of becoming a realized causal event.

Suppose an actor produces e1. An evaluator observes the event and issues an intervention e2:

SA→e1→SE→e2.

If e2 changes the state of the actor,

e2→XA′,

then the actor's subsequent event is partly conditioned on the evaluator's intervention:

XA′→e3.

The causal structure becomes

SA→e1→SE→e2→SA′→e3→⋯.

The evaluator participates in the evaluated trajectory.

Evaluator outputs require scrutiny of error, calibration, incentives, capture and harm. An evaluation label supplies no privileged causal or normative status.

Recursive evaluator closure represents evaluation within the causal model.

The recursion does not imply an infinite regress before action. Evaluation occurs through time. An audit can be acted upon, subsequently audited, corrected, and incorporated into the future state of the system. RETA therefore permits bounded action while retaining recursive corrigibility.


8. Separation of causal description and normative evaluation

RETA separates causal representation from normative judgment.

The causal layer asks:

What happened, what changed, and what causally contributed to what?

The normative layer asks:

Evaluation depends on the declared constraints, uncertainty, boundary and horizon.

Descriptive assumptions and normative criteria require separate representation.

In the HORTRAME implementation, VowOS currently provides the normative constraint layer. RETA itself can be described more generally as accepting a versioned normative system

V(r)

through a defined evaluation interface.

A later RETA implementation could therefore compare multiple normative constitutions without changing the historical event graph itself.


9. Non-compensatory constraints

The proposed normative framework uses separate constraints rather than a compensatory utility score.

A compensatory function of the form

Q=∑iwiqi

allows sufficiently high values on some dimensions to compensate mathematically for severe failures on another.

Compensation is inappropriate for constraints explicitly defined as vetoes or prohibitions.

RETA therefore permits a gate of the general form

GV:(τ1,…,τn,U)→{PASS,MODIFY,REJECT,UNRESOLVED},

where individual constraint violations can remain visible and can trigger a gate independently of the aggregate score.

Scalar summaries may support visualization or exploratory statistics; normative admissibility remains a separate decision.


10. Uncertainty is structured, not merely residual

Causal structure, state and normative interpretation can remain partly unobserved.

Several forms of uncertainty can coexist:

U=(Ufacts,Ucausal,Uboundary,Umodel,Unormative,Uhorizon).

Uncertainty components can differ in magnitude and behavior.

Evidence for occurrence, causal attribution, boundary adequacy and normative agreement can differ. Accurate prediction alone does not resolve normative disagreement.

RETA therefore treats an outcome such as

A(ek)=UNRESOLVED

as a valid result when evidence or interpretation is insufficient.

Forcing every event into a binary aligned/misaligned classification would destroy information the framework explicitly needs for later learning and audit.


11. Provenance and prospective versioning

Evaluators and normative frameworks may change over time.

New evidence can motivate revised causal models, normative interpretations or calibration.

The modeled workflow records the context of each judgment.

A consequential evaluation should retain at least

(ek,Bk,Hk,Uk,V(r),Ak,tk).

If the normative framework changes from

V(r)→V(r+1),

the historical evaluation is not silently overwritten.

Instead, a new evaluation can be added:

Ak(r)≠Ak(r+1).

Both remain part of the record.

Three records remain distinct:

  • the historical event;
  • the judgment that governed at the time;
  • the current interpretation of that event.

Retrospective rewriting can conceal failures under previous criteria. Original judgments and later interpretations require separate records.


12. Audit packets

Auditability requires inspectable evidence and decision records, beyond retrospective natural-language explanations.

A RETA audit packet can include:

  • event identifier and timestamps;
  • source and recipient systems;
  • declared analytical boundary;
  • observed inputs and evidence references;
  • epistemic status of each input;
  • causal parents and descendants known at evaluation time;
  • uncertainty decomposition;
  • consequence horizon;
  • proposed or realized action;
  • normative framework and exact version;
  • evaluator identity/version;
  • gate result;
  • predicted consequence distribution where available;
  • authority, permission, or consent state where relevant;
  • realized consequences observed later;
  • subsequent corrections or re-evaluations.

Fluent explanations alone do not establish faithful computational provenance.


13. Feedback changes the object of alignment

RETA treats feedback as constitutive rather than incidental.

Consider a system in state Xt that produces event et. The event changes the environment, which changes what the system later receives:

Xt→et→Envt+1→Ut+1→Xt+1.

Outputs alter the environment supplying subsequent inputs.

Evaluators participate in the same process. So do users, institutions, other agents, infrastructure, and information channels.

Independent labels omit part of the causal structure:

A(e1),A(e2),A(e3),…

The proposed trajectory representation also includes coupled state and relations:

𝒯=G(E,C,X,B,H,U,V).

Trajectory alignment denotes evaluation of the resulting causal structure.


14. Alignment of an evaluator can alter the thing being measured

Once evaluator closure is introduced, measurement effects become part of the formal problem.

Evaluation can affect incentives, exploration, authority and confidence. Net benefit requires comparison with relevant alternatives.

The quantity being studied is therefore not simply

𝒜(𝒯)

under passive observation.

The proposed conditional representation is:

𝒜(𝒯∣EVAL),

where EVAL denotes the causal participation of the evaluator.

Comparative evaluation must include downstream effects:

Compare resulting trajectories with and without the evaluation process under matched conditions.

Accurate classification alone is insufficient when evaluator interventions worsen downstream outcomes.


15. Counterfactual evaluation

Historical causal graphs record what occurred. Alignment analysis frequently also requires comparison with what might have occurred under alternative actions or interventions.

RETA therefore distinguishes realized history from counterfactual analysis.

For a realized event ek, one may compare

𝒯(ek)

with hypothetical alternatives

𝒯(ek′),

while preserving the fact that only ek belongs to historical event memory.

Counterfactual analysis requires explicit model assumptions, uncertainty and provenance. Hypothetical outcomes remain separate from observations.

Intervention and prevention claims require an explicit counterfactual basis.


16. Stability in RETA is not immobility

A static system can be stable while being catastrophically misaligned. RETA therefore should not equate alignment stability with resistance to change.

The relevant concept is closer to bounded adaptive trajectory stability.

Let ℛA denote an admissible region of trajectory space under the active normative framework. A perturbation may temporarily move the system away from this region while the system subsequently returns toward the admissible region:

d(𝒯t+k,ℛA)→0.

A perturbation can expose flawed admissibility assumptions. Restoration of an earlier state is not automatically justified.

The system must be capable both of resisting destructive deviations and of accepting beneficial change.

Perturbation testing must distinguish recovery from preservation of a flawed target.


17. Planned epistemic-memory layer

The current model records causal history and evaluation context. Richer epistemic memory remains proposed.

The proposed memory layer separates observations from revised interpretations.

Two forms of memory are therefore conceptually separated.

17.1 Episodic causal memory

The causal record contains what occurred:

Ht={e1,e2,…,et}.

Realized events extend the historical record:

Ht+1=Ht∪{et+1}.

Historical records may be corrected for data-integrity reasons, but corrections must themselves be versioned and auditable rather than silently replacing prior states.

17.2 Adaptive epistemic memory

The system also maintains revisable interpretations derived from experience:

Kt={models,hypotheses,confidence states,failure mechanisms,source assessments,learned policies}.

Learning revises the interpretive layer:

Kt+1=L(Kt,Ht+1).

The distinction is deliberate:

historical observation≠current interpretation

Immutable interpretations prevent learning; unrestricted historical rewriting defeats provenance.


18. Memory retrieval is itself a causal event

In RETA, memory cannot be treated as a passive database.

Retrieval changes the recipient’s information state and can affect subsequent decisions:

M→eretrieve→Si.

The selection, ranking, compression, omission, or framing of remembered information may influence subsequent action.

Memory retrieval can therefore be audited in the same way as other consequential events.

Proposed retrieval audits would address the following failure classes:

  • memory poisoning;
  • stale information dominating current evidence;
  • selective retrieval;
  • missing counterevidence;
  • false source independence;
  • summarization loss;
  • context collapse;
  • inappropriate retention;
  • inappropriate forgetting;
  • historical information being promoted from hypothesis to fact without justification.

A memory system can therefore contribute to misalignment even when every stored item is individually accurate, if retrieval systematically constructs a distorted information environment.


19. Planned information-literacy interface

The information-literacy extension is intended to attach epistemic structure to memories, observations, and claims.

A remembered claim may eventually be represented by an object such as

mj=(content,status,source,provenance,evidence,independence,confidence,time,context,transformations,contradictions,supersession,causal links).

The proposed interface would distinguish hypotheses from verified claims, retain superseded interpretations and track dependence among apparently corroborating sources.

The information-literacy layer is therefore expected to govern not only storage but also acquisition, verification, synthesis, retrieval, communication, and revision.

The proposed interface supports evidence evaluation and revision.


20. Planned perturbation layer

A second planned extension introduces structured perturbations as experimental inputs.

A perturbation is a disturbance to expected state or trajectory, not necessarily harm.

A perturbation may be:

  • harmful;
  • beneficial;
  • mixed;
  • conditionally beneficial or harmful;
  • unknown at occurrence time.

Robustness must remain distinguishable from resistance to beneficial novelty.

The system dynamics can be extended from

Xt+1=Φ(Xt,at)

to

Xt+1=Φ(Xt,at,ξt,Mt),

where ξt is a perturbation and Mt is the relevant epistemic-memory state.

Perturbations may be exogenous, endogenous, or reflexive. Examples include communication loss, agent arrival or departure, institutional turnover, model replacement, memory corruption, new evidence, regulatory change, resource shortage, unexpected cooperation, novel scientific knowledge, or changes in the topology connecting systems.


21. Perturbation vectors

RETA should not reduce perturbations immediately to a single severity score.

A perturbation can instead be described by a vector

Pj=(f,m,d,s,c,r,o,u,…),

where dimensions may include:

  • f: occurrence frequency under a declared reference interval;
  • m: immediate magnitude or destructiveness;
  • d: duration or persistence of effects;
  • s: physical, biological, organizational, or societal scale;
  • c: cascade or propagation potential;
  • r: reversibility;
  • o: observability;
  • u: uncertainty.

A scalar can assign similar values to rare severe disturbances and frequent minor disturbances. Distinct dimensions permit separate response criteria.

The precise perturbation ontology remains under development.


22. Scale and resolution

Perturbation analysis introduces an explicit scale variable into RETA.

Consequences can differ across resolutions and analytical boundaries.

Alignment evaluation should therefore eventually be represented as

A(e∣B,R,H,V,U),

where R denotes analytical resolution or scale.

For example, the same biological event may be destructive to an individual cell, beneficial to an organism, and consequential to a population over a longer horizon. The normative sign cannot be propagated mechanically across levels.

Local optimization can transfer costs beyond the selected boundary. System-level assessment requires explicit affected-party and distribution assumptions.

Scale, boundary and horizon are coupled modeling choices.


23. Perturbation, memory, and adaptation

The combination of perturbation testing and epistemic memory provides a direct experimental object for adaptation.

Apply perturbation ξ to a system with memory state M1:

(X1,M1,ξ)→𝒯1.

Observed outcomes can update the proposed epistemic state:

M2=L(M1,𝒯1).

Apply the same perturbation again:

(X2,M2,ξ)→𝒯2.

If 𝒯2 is better under the declared alignment criteria than 𝒯1, the system has demonstrated some form of adaptation.

However, repeated exposure to the identical perturbation does not establish generalization. A stronger test applies a structurally related but previously unseen perturbation ξ′:

ξ′∉Dadaptation.

Performance on ξ′ provides evidence about whether the system learned a transferable failure mechanism rather than memorizing a case-specific response.


24. Defensive overfitting

Perturbation training can reward excessive conservatism. Evaluation must include beneficial change and unnecessary refusal.

Repeated hostile perturbations could induce policies equivalent to:

  • reject unfamiliar agents;
  • suppress disagreement;
  • distrust novel information;
  • centralize control;
  • minimize exploration;
  • classify uncertainty as threat.

Such a system may score well against a narrow adversarial benchmark while becoming less aligned in open environments.

Beneficial perturbations are therefore necessary controls.

The perturbation set should contain cases where the correct response requires acceptance, cooperation, learning, restructuring, or relinquishing a previously successful policy.

Robustness is therefore defined as preservation or improvement of alignment under change, not preservation of the pre-perturbation state.


25. Experimental use of RETA

RETA is intended to support explicit comparison among architectures rather than demonstration by anecdote.

A useful experimental program can compare systems such as:

RETA,
RETA+Memory,
RETA+Perturbations,

and

RETA+Memory+Perturbations.

Proposed tests require separate development and held-out perturbation distributions.

Potential measurements include:

  • false-negative rate for trajectory failures;
  • false-positive intervention rate;
  • detection latency;
  • cumulative trajectory harm or benefit under the active normative framework;
  • recovery time after perturbation;
  • calibration of uncertainty;
  • causal-attribution error;
  • recurrence of previously encountered failure mechanisms;
  • transfer to unseen perturbation families;
  • susceptibility to memory poisoning;
  • failure to accept beneficial perturbations;
  • evaluator-induced degradation;
  • intervention cost;
  • sensitivity to causal horizon and analytical boundary.

Matched comparisons require simpler output-, action-, policy- or agent-level baselines.


26. Falsifiable research questions

Research claims require possible disconfirming outcomes.

The framework therefore motivates questions such as:

RQ1 — Trajectory detection

Compare trajectory-level and local-output detection under matched information and cost.

RQ2 — Evaluator closure

Test detection of evaluator-induced failures with and without explicit evaluator modeling.

RQ3 — Horizon sensitivity

Does increasing causal horizon improve detection of delayed failures, and at what cost in false positives, computational complexity, and uncertainty?

RQ4 — Boundary sensitivity

How sensitive are alignment judgments to changes in the declared analytical boundary?

RQ5 — Causal attribution

Can event-DAG representations improve causal attribution relative to linear or single-parent histories in interacting multi-agent systems?

RQ6 — Epistemic memory

Does structured epistemic memory reduce recurrence of previously understood failure mechanisms without causing excessive defensive overfitting?

RQ7 — Perturbation robustness

Test transfer to structurally distinct perturbations outside the development distribution.

RQ8 — Beneficial novelty

Measure acceptance of beneficial change alongside protection against harmful change.

RQ9 — Recursive audit stability

Under repeated evaluator self-application, does the evaluation process converge, oscillate, diverge, or become path-dependent, and under what conditions?

The proposed questions remain empirically unresolved.


27. What RETA claims

The current RETA contribution is architectural and methodological.

The proposed representation combines:

  • realized causal events are the atomic unit of local alignment analysis;
  • causally connected trajectories are the system-level object of concern;
  • outputs modify the state from which future outputs emerge;
  • causal history is represented as a multi-parent graph rather than a sequence of independent decisions;
  • alignment judgments are explicitly conditioned on boundary, horizon, uncertainty, and normative version;
  • evaluators are represented as causal participants;
  • evaluator outputs can themselves be audited;
  • historical judgments are preserved prospectively across later model or normative revisions;
  • causal description remains distinguishable from normative evaluation.

The architecture can be summarized as

event→causal propagation→trajectory→evaluation→evaluator event→causal propagation→⋯

Memory and perturbation extensions remain proposed.


28. What RETA does not currently claim

Unestablished claims include:

  • the AI alignment problem has been solved;
  • trajectory-level evaluation is superior to all existing alignment methods;
  • the selected normative constitution is universally correct;
  • causal ancestry can always be reconstructed reliably;
  • long-horizon consequences can always be predicted;
  • recursive auditing necessarily converges;
  • an evaluator can be made unbiased merely by including the evaluator inside the causal graph;
  • the current simulations reproduce the complexity of real social, ecological, institutional, or AI systems;
  • synthetic robustness under selected perturbations guarantees real-world robustness;
  • an aligned local trajectory guarantees alignment at every larger spatial or temporal scale.

The limitations delimit the research scope.


29. Candidate empirical contribution

Additional-value claims require comparative tests.

The central empirical question is:

Compare detection of consequential failures against matched local-evaluation baselines.

A favorable comparison requires improved failure detection with acceptable false positives, intervention costs and calibration.

A second empirical question concerns recursive closure:

Does modeling the evaluator as a causal participant improve the detection or prevention of evaluator-induced failures?

A third concerns adaptive robustness:

Test generalization without excessive refusal or dependence on historical cases.

The proposed representation makes the questions explicit; favorable outcomes remain unestablished.


30. Working formal summary

A compact representation of the current RETA research object is:

Si(t)&=(Bi,Ri,Xi(t),Ui(t),Mi(t),Φi),ek&=ℰ(Si(t),ai(t),ξt),Gt&=(Et,Ct),Ak(r)&=A(ek∣Bk,Rk,Hk,Uk,V(r),Gt),eaudit&=ℰ(Seval,Ak(r)),Gt+1&=Gt∪{ek,eaudit,Cnew},Mt+1&=L(Mt,Gt+1),Xt+1&=Φ(Xt,at,ξt,Mt).

The equations are schematic interfaces, not a completed mathematical theory:

  • bounded systems;
  • realized events;
  • causal ancestry;
  • scale and resolution;
  • consequence horizons;
  • epistemic uncertainty;
  • normative constraints;
  • evaluator participation;
  • memory;
  • perturbations;
  • adaptive state change.

The object of study is a causal trajectory generated by interacting events and changing states.


31. Current status

RETA remains a work in progress.

The current implementation establishes executable semantics for a subset of the architecture and provides a basis for reproducible synthetic experiments. The information-literacy memory layer, multiscale perturbation ontology, formal trajectory metrics, causal-attribution methods, convergence analysis, and empirical comparison against external baselines remain under active development.

Framework definition and successful code execution do not establish alignment, stability, robustness or superiority.

The purpose of the current work is to make a difficult class of alignment questions explicit enough to inspect, implement, perturb, falsify, and revise.